-2.png)
.png)
ICSE Geography Class X | H.C.G. Paper 2
Complete Syllabus | Part I: Map Work | Part II: Geography of India
Theory: 80 Marks | Map Work: 10 | Internal Assessment: 20 | Total: 100
Complete ICSE Class X Geography syllabus as per CISCE curriculum. Part I covers Map Work (Topographical Maps & Map of India). Part II covers Geography of India – Climate, Soil, Natural Vegetation, Water Resources, Minerals, Energy, Agriculture, Industries, Transport, and Waste Management.
1 PART I – MAP WORK
1. Interpretation of Topographical Maps Foundation
Reading and interpretation of Survey of India maps. Identification of physical and cultural features using conventional signs and symbols.
2. Contours Landforms
Understanding contour lines, contour intervals. Identification of landforms – hills, valleys, ridges, escarpments, plateaus, slopes (steep/gentle).
3. Scales and Direction Measurement
Types of scales (linear, statement, R.F.), measurement of distances. Cardinal and intermediate directions, bearing, and orientation.
4. Map Reading and Interpretation Analysis
Grid references (four-figure and six-figure). Identification of natural and man-made features – drainage, settlement, communication, land use.
5. Map Reading Practice Exercises
Practice with topographical sheets – identification of features, calculation of area, interpretation of relief and drainage patterns.
6. Map of India Locational Skills
Outline map of India – locating and labelling: mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, passes, latitudes, longitudes, monsoons directions.
2 PART II – GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
7. Location, Extent and Physical Features India's Geography
India's location (latitudinal and longitudinal extent), Standard Meridian, neighbouring countries. Physical divisions – Himalayas, Northern Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal Plains, Islands, Indian Desert.
8. Climate Monsoon & Seasons
Factors affecting India's climate, mechanism of monsoons (onset, advance, retreat), seasons (Summer, Monsoon, Retreating, Winter), distribution of temperature and rainfall.
9. Soil Resources Types & Conservation
Types of soils: Alluvial, Black, Red, Laterite, Mountain, Desert – distribution, composition, characteristics, crops associated. Soil erosion causes and conservation methods.
10. Natural Vegetation Forest Types
Importance of forests. Types: Tropical Evergreen, Tropical Deciduous, Tropical Desert, Littoral and Swamp, Mountain forests – distribution and correlation with climate.
11. Water Resources Sources & Conservation
Surface water and groundwater resources. Need for conservation, rainwater harvesting, watershed management. Irrigation importance and methods (wells, canals, tanks, drip, sprinkler).
12. Mineral Resources Distribution & Uses
Types of minerals – metallic and non-metallic. Distribution of iron ore, manganese, bauxite, copper, mica, limestone. Uses and conservation of minerals.
13. Conventional Sources of Energy Coal, Oil, Gas, Hydel
Coal (types, distribution, uses), Petroleum (refineries, distribution), Natural Gas, Hydel power (major dams: Bhakra Nangal, Hirakud). Advantages and disadvantages.
14. Non-Conventional Sources of Energy Renewable Energy
Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, nuclear energy, biogas – generation methods, advantages, potential in India.
15. Agriculture – I Introduction & Types
Importance of agriculture in India. Types of farming: subsistence and commercial (shifting, intensive, extensive, plantation, mixed). Agricultural seasons: Rabi, Kharif, Zayad.
16. Agriculture – II Food Crops Rice, Wheat, Millets, Pulses
Rice, wheat, millets (jowar, bajra, ragi), pulses – climatic conditions, soil requirements, methods of cultivation, processing, producing states.
17. Agriculture – III Cash Crops (I) Sugarcane, Oilseeds, Tea, Coffee
Sugarcane, groundnut, mustard, soybean, sunflower, tea, coffee – climatic conditions, soil, processing, distribution, major producing states.
18. Agriculture – IV Cash Crops (II) Cotton, Jute, Rubber
Cotton (textile industry), jute (golden fibre), rubber – climatic conditions, soil, processing, major producing states, economic importance.
19. Manufacturing Industries (Agro-Based) Sugar, Textile, Silk
Sugar industry, cotton textile industry, silk industry – raw materials, manufacturing process, distribution, challenges, major centres.
20. Mineral Based Industry Iron & Steel, Petrochemicals, Electronics
Iron and steel plants: TISCO, Bhilai, Rourkela, Durgapur, Vishakhapatnam. Petrochemical industry, electronics industry – location, raw materials, products.
21. Transport Modes & Importance
Importance of transport in economic development. Modes: Roadways (NH, SH, rural roads), Railways (zones, gauge), Waterways (inland, coastal, major ports), Airways – advantages and disadvantages.
22. Waste Management – I Impact of Waste Accumulation
Types of waste (solid, liquid, e-waste, biomedical). Impact of waste accumulation on environment – spoilage of landscape, air/water/land pollution, health hazards, effect on aquatic and terrestrial life.
23. Waste Management – II Safe Disposal of Waste
Need for waste management. Methods of safe disposal: segregation, dumping, composting, landfilling, recycling, reducing, reusing. Vermicomposting, incineration, waste-to-energy.
MAP WORK (10 MARKS) – Outline Map of India
Mountains & Plateaus
- Himalayas
- Karakoram
- Aravali
- Vindhyas
- Satpura
- Western Ghats
- Eastern Ghats
- Nilgiris
- Deccan Plateau
- Chota Nagpur Plateau
Plains & Desert
- Gangetic Plains
- Konkan Coast
- Kanara Coast
- Malabar Coast
- Coromandel Coast
- Northern Circars
- Thar Desert
Himalayan Rivers
- Indus
- Ravi
- Beas
- Chenab
- Jhelum
- Satluj
- Ganga
- Yamuna
- Ghaghra
- Gomti
- Gandak
- Kosi
- Brahmaputra
Peninsular Rivers
- Chambal
- Betwa
- Son
- Damodar
- Narmada
- Tapti
- Mahanadi
- Godavari
- Krishna
- Cauveri
- Tungabhadra
Water Bodies & Passes
- Gulf of Kutch
- Gulf of Khambhat
- Gulf of Mannar
- Palk Strait
- Andaman Sea
- Chilka Lake
- Wular Lake
- Karakoram Pass
- Nathu-La Pass
Latitudes, Longitudes & Winds
- Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N)
- Standard Meridian (82°30'E)
- South West Monsoons (Arabian Sea Branch)
- South West Monsoons (Bay of Bengal Branch)
- North East Monsoons
- Western Disturbances
Minerals & Soils
- Iron: Singhbhum, Mayurbhanj
- Coal: Jharia, Raniganj
- Manganese: Balaghat
- Bauxite: Amarkantak
- Mica: Nellore
- Oil: Mumbai High, Digboi
- Alluvial Soil
- Black Soil
- Red Soil
- Laterite Soil
Cities & Population
- Delhi
- Mumbai
- Kolkata
- Chennai
- Hyderabad
- Bengaluru
- Kochi
- Chandigarh
- Srinagar
- Vishakhapatnam
- Allahabad
- Ahmedabad
- Jaipur
- Lucknow
- Bhopal
Crops & Industrial Centres
- Rice: West Bengal, Punjab
- Wheat: Uttar Pradesh, Punjab
- Sugarcane: Uttar Pradesh
- Cotton: Gujarat, Maharashtra
- Tea: Assam, West Bengal
- Coffee: Karnataka
- Iron & Steel: Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Rourkela
- Textile: Mumbai, Ahmedabad
- Petrochemical: Mumbai High
All locations as per ICSE Class X Geography syllabus. Map-based questions carry 10 marks – locating and labelling on outline map of India. Use Survey of India guidelines.
Complete Syllabus Coverage – Part I & Part II:
- Topographical Maps
- Contours & Scales
- Map of India
- Physical Features
- Climate & Monsoon
- Soil & Natural Vegetation
- Water Resources
- Minerals & Energy
- Agriculture (Food & Cash Crops)
- Manufacturing Industries
- Transport
- Waste Management
Internal Assessment (20 Marks) – Project Work: Suggested topics – Land use pattern, Survey of local market, Wildlife conservation, Development of tourism, Transport networks, Industries and pollution control. Evaluation by internal and external examiner.
No comments:
Post a Comment