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Indian Polity" by M. Laxmikanth - Simplified Notes - UPSC Foundation
Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth is a widely acclaimed book covering the Indian Constitution, governance, and political system. It explains constitutional provisions, institutions, rights, duties, and polity concepts in simple language. Essential for UPSC, State PCS, SSC, and all competitive exams, it helps students grasp polity fundamentals with clarity.
PART-I: Constitutional Framework
1. Historical Background
2. Making of the Constitution
3. Salient Features of the Constitution
4. Preamble of the Constitution
5. Union and its Territory
6. Citizenship
7. Fundamental Rights
8. Directive Principles of State Policy
9. Fundamental Duties
10. Amendment of the Constitution
11. Basic Structure of the Constitution
PART-II: System of Government
12. Parliamentary System
13. Federal System
14. Centre–State Relations
15. Inter-State Relations
16. Emergency Provisions
PART-III: Central Government
17. President
18. Vice-President
19. Prime Minister
20. Central Council of Ministers
21. Cabinet Committees
22. Parliament
23. Parliamentary Committees
24. Parliamentary Forums
25. Parliamentary Group
26. Supreme Court
27. Judicial Review
28. Judicial Activism
29. Public Interest Litigation
PART-IV: State Government
30. Governor
31. Chief Minister
32. State Council of Ministers
33. State Legislature
34. High Court
35. Tribunals
36. Subordinate Courts
37. Special Provisions for Some States
PART-V: Local Government
38. Panchayati Raj
39. Municipalities
PART-VI: Union Territories and Special Areas
40. Union Territories
41. Scheduled and Tribal Areas
PART-VII: Constitutional Bodies
42. Election Commission
43. Union Public Service Commission
44. State Public Service Commission
45. Finance Commission
46. Goods and Services Tax Council
47. National Commission for SCs
48. National Commission for STs
49. National Commission for BCs
50. Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities
51. Comptroller and Auditor General of India
52. Attorney General of India
53. Advocate General of the State
PART-VIII: Non-Constitutional Bodies
54. NITI Aayog
55. National Human Rights Commission
56. State Human Rights Commission
57. Central Information Commission
58. State Information Commission
59. Central Vigilance Commission
60. Central Bureau of Investigation
61. Lokpal and Lokayuktas
62. National Investigation Agency
63. National Disaster Management Authority
PART-IX: Other Constitutional Dimensions
64. Co-operative Societies
65. Official Language
66. Public Services
67. Rights and Liabilities of the Government
68. Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes
PART-X: Political Dynamics
69. Political Parties
70. Role of Regional Parties
71. Elections
72. Election Laws
73. Electoral Reforms
74. Voting Behaviour
75. Coalition Government
76. Anti-Defection Law
77. Pressure Groups
78. National Integration
79. Foreign Policy
PART-XI: Working of the Constitution
80. National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution
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